Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya molekile mu gutunganya diglycerides

Incamake: Gutunganya molekile, izwi kandi nka "shoulder-path-path distillation", ni inzira yo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo butangana igera ku gutandukanya ibintu munsi y'umwuka mwinshi hashingiwe ku itandukaniro riri hagati y'inzira y'imibumbe itandukanye. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bwa "molecular distillation" rifite urwego rwo hejuru rw'ingufu, ubushyuhe buke bwo gutwika, igihe gito cyo gushyushya, n'ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ibintu. Kubwibyo, rishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gutandukanya ibikoresho bishyuha cyane, rigakingira ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bishyuha cyane, kandi rikwiriye gutandukanya no gutunganya ibintu bishyuha cyane, bishyuha cyane, kandi byoroshye gusohora ogisijeni. Kuri ubu, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bwa "molecular distillation" ryakoreshejwe mu nganda nka peteroli, imiti myiza, n'ibiribwa. Iyi nyandiko isesengura ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bwa "molecular distillation" mu gutunganya diglycerides.

Amagambo y'ingenzi: Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusya molekile; diglycerides; ikoreshwa ryo gusukura

Mu gukora imiti, ibintu byinshi bibaho mu buryo bw'ibivange. Kugira ngo ibyo bintu bihuzwe n'ibisabwa mu gukora no gukoresha, bigomba gutandukanywa ku buryo runaka. Mu buryo butandukanye bwo gutandukanya, gusya ni ikintu gisanzwe, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryo gusya ibintu ritanga inyungu nyinshi zikomeye. Muri iki gihe, bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda zikora imiti, uru rwego rwatangiye gushyira imbaraga nyinshi ku iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'iterambere. Mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusya ibintu, ibintu nk'uburyo bwo gukora n'ibicuruzwa bya nyuma bigomba gukoreshwa no gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bw'icyatsi kibisi, bityo bigatuma iterambere ry'ibinyabutabire by'icyatsi kibisi ribaho.

I.Incamake y'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza molekile

1. Amahame y'ibanze y'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza molekile

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile ni uburyo bushya bwo gukora imiti bwakuruye abantu benshi haba mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Ikiranga cyabwo cyihariye kiri mu kuba ikoranabuhanga ryo gutandukanya ibintu mu buryo bw'umubiri, butandukanye cyane n'uburyo gakondo bwo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bwa gakondo, kandi riruta cyane uburyo gakondo bwo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bwa tekiniki no mu buryo bwiza bwo gutandukanya ibintu. Imbaraga zituma ibintu bitandukanye bitandukana mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile bituruka ku ngendo za molekile z'ibintu bitandukanye n'itandukaniro rivamo mu nzira zabyo zidafite aho zibogamiye. Iyo igitutu kiri mu gikoresho cyo gutandukanya ibintu kigabanutse kandi ubushyuhe bukazamuka, ihindagurika rya molekile ririhuta, bigatuma umurambararo wa molekile ugabanuka. Uko igikoresho cyo gutandukanya ibintu gikora, itandukaniro rya molekile rirushaho kwiyongera, amaherezo rigera ku gutandukanya ibintu. Igikoresho cyo gutandukanya ibintu kirimo imashini ishyushya, amasahani ashyushya, amasahani ashyushya ibintu, n'ibindi. Mu gihe cy'ahantu hatagira umwuka mwinshi, imikorere y'amasahani ashyushya ibintu n'amasahani ashyushya ibintu bituma molekile ziri mu mazi avanze zitandukana zigana ku masahani ashyushya ibintu, amaherezo zigatandukana neza.

2. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi mu gutunganya molekile

Kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile rigire uruhare runini mu gukora imiti y’icyatsi kibisi, ni ngombwa gusesengura neza ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi rikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu. Nihabayeho gusobanukirwa neza gusa ikoreshwa ry’iri koranabuhanga rishobora kugera ku musaruro mwiza. Hari uburyo bwinshi bw’ingenzi bwa tekiniki bukoreshwa mu gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile. Ubwa mbere ni ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile. Iri ni ryo pfundo ry’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uburyo bwose bwo gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gufunga ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile bishobora gutuma habaho ahantu hadakoreshejwe ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile, bityo bikazatuma habaho imikorere isanzwe y’uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile. Imashini ikoresha molekile nayo ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’ikoranabuhanga. Mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko imiterere y’imashini ikoresha molekile yujuje ibisabwa mu gukora, kugira ngo habeho gutandukanya ibintu neza. Byongeye kandi, hari uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu. Ibi ni byo bituma ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile rikora neza. Ubu buryo bukeneye kunozwa kurushaho kugira ngo burusheho kwizerwa mu gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bwa molekile no gukomeza gutera imbere.

II. Amahame n'ibiranga uburyo Molecular Distillation ikorwa

1. Amahame shingiro

Gutunganya ibinyabutabire bisanzwe bishingiye ku kuringaniza kw'umwuka n'amazi, hamwe n'itandukaniro mu guhinduka hagati y'ibice, kandi gutandukanya bikorwa ku bushyuhe bukabije bw'uruvange. Ku rundi ruhande, gutunganya ibinyabutabire bigabanya ibintu munsi y'ubushyuhe bwinshi bushingiye ku itandukaniro riri mu nzira y'ubushyuhe bw'imigendere y'ibinyabutabire by'ibintu bitandukanye. Gutunganya ibinyabutabire ni inzira yo gutunganya ibinyabutabire byinshi aho gutandukanya bikorerwa munsi y'ubushyuhe bw'ibinyabutabire, bigatuma biba inzira yo gutunganya ibinyabutabire idahuje. Mu gihe cyo gukora gutunganya ibinyabutabire, ibinyabutabire by'urumuri bifite inzira nini y'ubushyuhe, mu gihe ibinyabutabire biremereye bifite inzira nto y'ubushyuhe bw'imigendere. Iyo ubuso buto buto bushyizwe kure y'ubuso bw'ubushyuhe buri munsi y'inzira y'ubushyuhe bw'ibinyabutabire by'urumuri ariko buruta ubw'ibinyabutabire biremereye, ibinyabutabire by'urumuri bizagwa ku buso buto buto bugapfunyika. Ibi bibangamira uburinganire bw'imigendere yabyo, bigatuma bikomeza gusohoka. Hagati aho, ibinyabutabire biremereye, bitashoboye kugera ku buso buto buto, bisubira ku buso bw'amazi bwa mbere kandi byihutishe kwegera uburinganire budasanzwe. Bityo, ibice bitandukanye biri mu ruvange biratandukanywa.

2. Ibyiza n'imbogamizi by'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza molekile

Hashingiwe ku mahame y'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza molekile, ibintu byinshi bishobora kuvugwa muri make. Ubwa mbere, bitandukanye no gukwirakwiza molekile mu buryo busanzwe, inzira yo gutandukanya molekile mu buryo busanzwe ntisaba ahantu hashyuha cyane. Ibi biterwa nuko gukwirakwiza molekile mu buryo busanzwe bishingiye ahanini ku buryo molekile zigenda zitandukana, ntabwo ari ku bintu bibira. Kubwibyo, mu mikorere ifatika, ubushyuhe bugomba kuguma munsi y'ibintu bibira. Ugereranyije no gukwirakwiza molekile mu buryo busanzwe, gukwirakwiza molekile mu buryo busanzwe bisaba umuvuduko muto, kandi kugabanya umuvuduko biganisha ku kugabanuka k'umuvuduko. Kubera ko ubushyuhe busabwa n'iri koranabuhanga budasaba kugera ku kintu gishyuha, ubushyuhe bw'imikorere yo gukwirakwiza molekile mu buryo busanzwe buri hasi cyane ugereranije n'ubwo gukwirakwiza molekile mu buryo busanzwe. Gukwirakwiza molekile mu buryo busanzwe ni inzira yo gukwirakwiza molekile mu buryo butari ubw'uburinganire ifite ibyiza byinshi. Iya mbere ni ubushyuhe buke mu mikorere. Mu gukwirakwiza molekile mu buryo busanzwe, niba molekile z'umwuka zisohoka mu gice cy'amazi, gutandukana bishobora kugerwaho bitageze ku kintu gishyuha. Indi nyungu ni umuvuduko muke mu mikorere. Kugira ngo ubone inzira nini ihagije, umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza ugomba kugabanuka. Kubera ko ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza molekile mu buryo busanzwe ari byoroshye kandi umuvuduko wo imbere ukaba muto, icyuho kinini gishobora kugerwaho. Igikurikiraho ni igihe gito cyo gushyushya. Hashingiwe ku ihame ryo gukwirakwiza molekile, molekile z'urumuri zisohoka mu buso bw'umwuka zigera ku buso buhindagurika nta nkomyi, bigatuma igihe cyo gushyushya kigabanuka cyane. Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ibintu buri hejuru. Muri icyo gihe, imikorere yo gukwirakwiza molekile igomba kuba yujuje ibintu byinshi. Icya mbere, hagomba kubaho itandukaniro runaka mu nzira z'urumuri n'izikomeye. Icya kabiri, intera iri hagati y'ubuso bw'umwuka n'ubuso buhindagurika igomba kuba ntoya ugereranyije n'inzira y'urumuri. Ugereranyije no gukwirakwiza ibintu bisanzwe, gukwirakwiza molekile bifite ibyiza byinshi bitangaje, ariko bifite n'imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe. Kubera ko gukwirakwiza molekile bisaba gutandukanya ibintu munsi y'umwuka mwinshi, bisaba ibikoresho bihenze cyane n'imiterere n'ibisabwa tekiniki biri hejuru.

III. Gukora enzyme ya Diglycerides

1. Gupima imiterere y'amaraso mu mubiri

Gupima ibinyabutabire bikoresha glycerol na aside irike y’ubusa nk’ibikoresho fatizo, na lipase nk’umusemburo wo gukora DAG (diglycerides). Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma ibinyabutabire, hakorwa ibintu nka TAG (triglycerides) na MAG (monoglycerides). Amazi akorwa muri esterification reaction ntabwo abangamira gusa iterambere ry’ibinyabutabire ahubwo anagabanya imikorere ya lipase. Kubwibyo, kugenzura ingano y’amazi akwiye ni ingenzi. Ubusanzwe, ingano ya aside irike y’ubusa itangwa ni nini kuruta iya glycerol kugira ngo itange aside irike y’ubusa ihagije yo gusuzuma ibinyabutabire hamwe na glycerol, ariko ntibigomba kuba byinshi, bitabaye ibyo bishobora kugorana kubikuraho mu mpera y’ibinyabutabire cyangwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya lipase bitewe n’ubusharire bwinshi. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibinyabutabire bufite ibyiza nko kumara igihe gito, ubuziranenge bwinshi bw’ibinyabutabire, n’intambwe zoroshye zo gusubiza. Ariko, kubera ko aside irike y’ubusa buhenze cyane, ikiguzi cy’uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibinyabutabire y’ubusa ni kinini.

2. Hydrolysis y'igice

Uburyo bwo guhirima igice bukubiyemo guhuza TAG n'amazi na enzyme kugira ngo haboneke uruvange rwa DAG, MAG, na FFA (aside fatty free). DAG ifite ubuziranenge bwinshi iboneka binyuze mu gukuraho amazi, MAG, FFA, na TAG isigaye binyuze mu gusya molekile. Uburyo bwo guhirima igice bugira uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora kandi buhendutse. Ariko, ubu buryo butanga amazi, bishobora kugabanya ubuziranenge bw'amavuta, cyane cyane amavuta afite aside fatty polyunsaturated nyinshi. Mbere yuko habaho uburyo bwo gushonga, gushonga kw'amazi mu bintu bifite ibinure bibanza kugira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'uburyo bwo gukora. Kubwibyo, organic solvents cyangwa surfactants akenshi zongerwa kuri partial hydrolysis reaction kugira ngo byongere gushonga kwa DAG no kongera umusaruro wa DAG.

3. Gliserolize

Gliserolize ni bwo buryo buhendutse cyane bwo gukora DAG. Gliserolize ya enzimatike ikoresha TAG na glyceroli nk'ibikoresho fatizo biri munsi ya catalysis ya lipase kugira ngo ikore DAG. Mu gihe cya glycerolize, glycerol yongerwamo buhoro buhoro kugira ngo hirindwe ko glyceroli yinjira ahantu hakora lipase kandi ikagira ingaruka ku mikorere yayo ya catalytic. Kimwe n'uburyo bwa hydrolysis igice, surfactants zo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa rimwe na rimwe zongerwa kuri glycerolize reaction kugira ngo zikemure ikibazo cyo kutavanga hagati ya glyceroli n'amavuta/ibinure.

4. Guhindura imiterere y'ibimera mu buryo bwa transsester

Uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y’ibinyabutabire hakoreshejwe TAG na MAG nk'ibikoresho fatizo biri munsi ya catalysis ya lipase kugira ngo bikore DAG. Uburyo bwo guhindura imiterere y’ibinyabutabire burimo intambwe ebyiri: icya mbere, uburyo TAG ikora hidrolisiyo, hanyuma uburyo TAG ikora hidrolisiyo hagati ya lipase iva kuri TAG na MAG. Uburinganire hagati y’intambwe ebyiri za hidrolisiyo na esterisiyo ni ingenzi kandi ni imbogamizi. Byongeye kandi, ikiguzi kinini cya MAG ntikimeze neza mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’inganda.

IV. Ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya molekile mu gutunganya diglycerides

DAG (diglycerides) ni ubwoko bushya bw'amavuta meza, ariko ibikubiye mu mavuta karemano n'ibinure ni bike cyane. Byongeye kandi, umusaruro w'ibikomoka kuri diglycerides byakozwe mu buryo bw'ubukorano urimo n'ibindi byinshi bivamo. Kubwibyo, gutunganya diglycerides ni ingenzi cyane. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusya ibinyabutabire ni rimwe mu makoranabuhanga akoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya diglycerides. Ni ikoranabuhanga rishya kandi ryiza ryo gutandukanya no gutunganya, rigera ku ntego yo gutandukanya no gutunganya hakoreshejwe itandukaniro mu nzira y'ubusa y'ingendo za molekile z'ibintu bitandukanye. Rifite ubushyuhe buke bwo gusya, igihe gito cyo gushyushya, ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ibintu byinshi, nta mwanda uhumanya, kandi rikoreshwa mu buryo bugari. Rikwiriye cyane cyane gutandukanya no gutunganya ibintu karemano bifite aho bibira cyane, ubushobozi bwo gushyuha, no gusya byoroshye. Ubu buryo bushobora kandi kwirinda kwangirika k'ubushyuhe bw'ibice byibasirwa n'ubushyuhe kandi byoroshye gusya. Rishobora kandi gukoreshwa ku bintu bitandukanye bifite aho bibira cyane cyangwa itandukaniro rito mu hantu bibira. Rifite amahirwe menshi yo gukoreshwa mu gutunganya diglycerides. Ariko, hari kandi ibibazo bimwe na bimwe mu ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusya ibinyabutabire mu gutunganya diglycerides. Urugero, ibikoresho byo gusya ibintu bikoresha molekile bisaba ubushobozi bwo gufunga ibintu byinshi kandi birahenze. Muri iki gihe, nta koranabuhanga rijyanye nabyo rishobora gukemura ibi bibazo, kandi ni ngombwa guhuza ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho bya tekiniki n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gusya ibintu bikoresha molekile.

Muri make, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza molekile ryagaragaye neza mu bikorwa, kandi rishobora guteza imbere iterambere n'iterambere ry'ubuhanga bw'ibinyabutabire budakoresha ikoranabuhanga. Kubera ko ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza molekile rifitanye isano rya hafi n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rijyanye naryo, Ubushinwa bukwiye gukomeza uburyo bwo guhanahana ikoranabuhanga n'ubufatanye hagati y'ibigo, ibigo na za kaminuza, kugira ngo hashyirweho urufatiro rwo kunoza uburyo bwo gukoresha molekile mu nganda. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza molekile rifite ibyiza bidasanzwe mu gutandukanya no gusukura imiti karemano. Rimaze gukoreshwa cyane mu gutandukanya no gusukura imiti karemano.

Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose kijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukwirakwiza molekile cyangwa amashami ajyanye nabyo, cyangwa niba wifuza kumenya byinshi, nyamuneka hamagaraTwandikire itsinda ry'abanyamwuga. Twiyemeje kuguha serivisi nziza kandiIbisubizo bya Turnkey.